Collapse Of The Concert Of Europe

Breakdown Of The Concert Of Europe How much Can The Collapse Of The Concert Of Europe Be Attributed To The Crimean War (1853-1856)? The breakdown of the Concert of Europe can be credited to the Crimean War to a constrained degree as there were numerous different components which acted to sabotage the Concert, causing precariousness and debates among the countries in question. In spite of the fact that the Crimean War can be indentified to have been a significant occasion where taking part nations ignored their strategies of harmony in quest for national intrigue, this was not as noteworthy to the breakdown as prior components which basically rendered the Concert out of date. The ascent of European patriotism and the clashing belief system and varying points of the nations included made the unsteady conditions for both the disintegration of the show and the episode of the Crimean War. Hence the Crimean War can be seen as a last trigger, yet not a sole actuation of breakdown. The eighteenth Century nationalistic development which was starting to state a solid hold among numerous European nations, acted to subvert the show by undermining steadiness all through Europe. Specifically, the progressive changes of 1848 truly debilitated the Concert by requesting that boondocks built up in the Congress of Vienna to be inspected. In the Hungarian insurgency of 1849, riots on the fifteenth of March by Magyar patriots in Pest-Buda, presently Budapest, the capital of Hungary, requesting Hungarys political autonomy from Austria brought about the abdication of the Austrian Prince Metternich, a key character in the exchanges in the Congress of Vienna. In a letter to Tsar Nicolas I of Russia in March 1848, an essential source illuminating regarding his acquiescence, Metternich depicts the social emergencies as a ‘torrent no longer inside the intensity of man†. Progressive changes were additionally obvious in France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Poland. The level of influence kept up in Europe was moving, and as communicated by Metternich, the Concert of Europe had little impact over it. This to a great extent subverted the Concerts goals, as expressed in Article VI of the 1815 Quadruple Alliance between Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia which framed the premise of the Concert, it was the obligation of the ‘High Contracting Powers to restore at fixed stretches gatherings blessed to extraordinary basic items and the assessment of such measures as at every single one of these ages will be passed judgment on generally healthy for the harmony and flourishing of the countries and for the support of the tranquility of Europe. As harmony was not being kept up, the show was, even now, to some degree dead. Besides, this development went about as a significant impulse for the political unification of Italy in 1861 and Germany in 1871. Attributable to the advancement of eighteenth Century patriotism, Europe was geologically adjusted as nations picked up their autonomy. Thus, European tact was likewise modified causing a debilitating of the show, particularly as strife emerged between the nations included with respect to mediation in revolution.iHu A major division among individuals from the Concert of Europe, brought about by clashing ideological viewpoints with respect to intercession against progressive developments, acted to subvert the connection between the nations. A premier worry for the conservation of harmony was the way of managing upheavals and protected developments the same number of legislators dreaded the idealogy of the French Revolution was as yet an amazing impact and as settlements in the Congress of Vienna had neglected to fulfill nationalistic and constitutionalistic desire. Austria and Russia kept up it was the obligation and right of the incredible forces to mediate and force their group will on states undermined by inside defiance, with the Austrian representative Metternich focusing on that unrest was a ‘terrible social disaster and accepted that ‘only request produces harmony. Be that as it may, Britain didn't wish to mediate in inside debates and rather tightened a less traditionalist str ategy. Englands remote secretaries, Castlereagh and later, Canning, acted to separate Britain from the approaches of the mainland powers with Canning plainly expressing that ‘England is under no commitment to meddle, or help with meddling, in the inner issues of free states. In this manner, Britain contested intercession inside the Congress of Troppau in 1820, a reaction to revolts in Spain, Portugal, Piedmont and Naples, and at the Congress of Laibach in 1821 where Austria and Russia had arranged to assemble officers against Italian rebellions. The pressure which came about because of these debates lead to Britains expanded disengagement from Austria, Prussia and Russia while France kept up relations with the two sides of the separation. Despite the fact that in 1825, a last Congress was held at St Petersburg trying to determine these debates, just Austria, Prussia and Russia effectively particpated uncovering the enormous degree to which the Concert had been debilitated. Regardless of the declaration that nations inside the show were representing the more noteworthy enthusiasm of the entirety of Europe, because of world economies turning out to be geo-political, with an emphasis on government, expansionism and monetary competition, the individual interests of nations uncovered splits in the framework. Englands specific restriction towards mediation in Latin American transformations depended because Britain would do without exchange benefit from the Spanish if uprisings finished there, and thus, wouldn't collaborate on the grounds of nationalistic intrigue which existed notwithstanding the show. Geo-political rivalry and envy between European countries turned out to be especially clear in their choice to forbid the section of every outside warship into the waterways among Bosporus and Dardanelles. As a prize for Russian military help against Egypt, Russia was compensated with invaluable access to these waterways by the Ottoman Empire in the Treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi in 1833, which cut off the Dardanelles to â€Å"any remote vessels of war† other than Russian. This permitted Russian business vessels free access into the Mediterranean, a huge advantage for Russian fare exchange especially thinking about the developing significance of ports, for example, Odessa in the Ukraine. The Concert was irate of Russias access to the waterways thus an endeavor to repress Russian expansionism, the waterways show was held in 1841 in which it was proclaimed that no nation ought to be in a profitable position in regards to the utilization of the waterways. Besides, European countries were vieing for crude materials, markets and land so as to fuel developing populaces. Russia was as yet anxious to expand its impact in the Balkans, and to oversee the waterways between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea then under Turkeys control. England and France saw Russian control of the waterways as a danger to their own exchange advantages, and Au stria was uncomfortable with Russias developing impact in the Balkans. These pressures in regards to the control of the Balkans thusly exacerbated the strain which previously existed in the for all intents and purposes out of date show, and eventually lead to the episode of the Crimean war, in which the remainders of the Concert terminated. The episode of the Crimean War in 1853 connoted the ruin of the Concert of Europe as the extraordinary forces occupied with war with each other over issues of national intrigue. In making an expansionary push at the Ottoman Empire, Russia ignored any affectation of support a philanthropic level of influence. The reasons for the Crimean War clashed with the tenet of the show as a part of the safeguarding of the perceived leverage in Europe had been aimed at keeping a solitary country from dealing with the Ottoman Empire, which was planned by Metternich to be an answer for the Eastern Question. As Russia tried to take abuse the rotting Ottoman Empire, basically, it subverted the remainders of the Concert and the perceived leverage, prompting France and Britain, alongside some help from Sardinia taking part in war to amusingly, keep up harmony in Europe. Successfully, this essentially acted to forfeit the Concert framework with the war having the most noteworthy setback pace of any Euro pean clash between the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and 1914, the Outbreak of World War One, as in excess of 450 000 Russians, 95 000 French and 22 000 English lost their lives during the contention. Eminent antiquarian A.J.P. Taylor expresses that with respect to European global relations, the Crimean War crushed the act of Russian military predominance in Europe, which lead to Russias reduced impact in European undertakings resulting to 1856. Through sheer number, the Russian armed force had been the biggest power but then it was as yet vanquished by the similarly littler French and British armed forces. The inside impacts of the war on nations inside the Concert of Europe are additionally exceptionally huge while thinking about the annihilation of the level of influence. Having been made mindful of Russias social and mechanical backwardness through military shortcoming inside the war, the Russian Tsar Alexander II got persuaded of the requirement for Russian change. Napoleon III of France tried to embrace new international strategies which in the end lead to strife during the 1860s with Austria and Prussia. Austria had been separated as its binds with Russia were cut off because of Russias desire because of its help with stifling the 1849 Magyar rebellions in Hungary, Austria would stay impartial in the war. The Treaty of Paris came to in 1856, for all time modified the level of influence and featured the strain which had been set on it through the Crimean War. At the finish of the war, serious punishments were set on Russia by different nations, confining its impact. Russia was made to give up Bessarabia, arranged at t

Art History Extended Essay Topics

Art History Extended Essay TopicsIf you are a student of art history, you will find that there are a number of art history extended essay topics to choose from. These can include topics on prints, paintings, sculptures, architecture, and even music and dance. If you can also add writing skills, you can write any of these things, no matter how technical they may seem at first glance.Art history may also cover ballet, opera, and even guitar. What better subject for a student of art history? What is so amazing about these subjects is that anyone can understand and appreciate them. These subjects are often used in art classes, and it is also fascinating to think about how people from different times viewed the past.There are some extended essay topics that can be used in the study of music and dance, but this is not always the case with art history. Composers often develop pieces that include the practice of dance, and it is also possible to do so in music. Music, after all, has existed since the beginning of time. It seems a shame to deny the fact that music was used as an art form long before all of the great composers were born.However, an extension class in art history can help students understand what art is all about. Many people may feel embarrassed by the fact that they don't know much about music or art, but it is actually quite simple to get a grasp on the subject. You just need to think about it for a moment, and you will see that these subjects are not as hard to understand as you might think.Once you have completed an art history class, you will find that your outlook on life will change dramatically. In addition, your self-esteem will rise with it. In short, you will find that you enjoy the experience much more, and you will have learned something about yourself along the way.An extended essay topic on art history can be the beginning of a new learning experience. Since art history is an ever-evolving field, it is important to keep abreast of it, espe cially when you want to pursue a career in this field. The art history curriculum should allow students to gain knowledge about the various art forms and the different periods that they existed during.Even though art history is such a broad subject, there are some subjects that you might find interesting. For example, many people find that the history of art forms is exciting, while others may be interested in writing about one specific art form. Art history extends essays to include prints, paintings, sculpture, architecture, and music and dance.There are a variety of subjects to choose from when writing an art history extended essay. If you want to explore all of the opportunities that are available to you, then you might want to consider taking an art history class. You will learn so much, and you can use your education to create a career in the field that you love.

Understanding the Motives and Benefits of Volunteer Vacationers Essay Example for Free

Understanding the Motives and Benefits of Volunteer Vacationers Essay With the developing pattern of volunteer get-aways, look into has been justified as to understanding the inspirational elements of people who take an interest in such undertakings. With this comprehension, the objective is to build these movement contributions in the business, which will bring better comprehension between societies. This examination looks at changed travel inspiration factors for somebody who decides to utilize some portion of their get-away partaking in volunteer or helpful exercises. Taking into account that ‘mission’ frequently has implications of a strict reason, the expression ‘travelling with a purpose’ welcomes on significantly more importance as this idea grows. To comprehend travel inspiration when all is said in done, an assortment of scales and hypotheses have been inquired about. Maslow, Dann, Iso-Ahola, Plog and Pearce are some remembered for the Literature Review. A subjective center gathering and semi-organized, inside and out meetings were led. The investigation of the information uncovered that four primary topics for why individuals went with a reason risen. Social submersion was a solid goal; the longing to give back; the brotherhood that happens on volunteer get-aways; and the fourth subject concentrated on family. Non-verbal correspondence and holding happens at a few levels with the neighborhood individuals and relatives. This is a genuine case of developing harmony through the travel industry. Catchphrases: volunteer the travel industry, travel inspiration factors, benefits, impacts Presentation The idea of ‘volunteer tourism’ is a developing pattern in the travel industry and is beginning to draw consideration from specialists and advertisers the same (Wearing, 2003). In the United States, for example, an expansive assortment of associations offer volunteer excursions. They fluctuate from visit administrators to non-benefit associations. One of the longest distributed advisers for these associations, Volunteer Vacations, by Bill McMillon et al., recorded just 75 such associations in its first version in 1987 (Campbell, 1999). In its most current release, distributed in 2003, the quantity of associations expanded to 275. These associations offer a wide range of volunteer get-away encounters. Volunteer excursion goals extend from neighborhood to provincial to worldwide reach. Volunteer get-away costs extend from $100 and under to $3000 or more, with venture length from under multi week to a half year or more. While summer has all the earmarks of being the most do minating travel season, there are bundles and projects gave in all seasons. Breaking down how an association positions itself inside the volunteer the travel industry segment may uncover factors that impact a potential tourist’s authoritative decision. The hierarchical sorts of volunteer get-away experience providers are included a blend of non-benefit associations and revenue driven visit administrators. A few models 1368-3500/05/06 0479-19 $20/0â are ‘Cross-Cultural Solutions’ (www.crossculturalsolutions.org), ‘The American Hiking Society’ (www.americanhiking.org), and ‘Earthwatch’ (www.earthwatch. organization). Kinds of undertakings offered for volunteers fluctuate generally and incorporate horticulture, archaic exploration, network advancement, preservation, development, training and educating, natural assurance and research, specialized help, noteworthy conservation, clinical and dental, work camps. The idea of volunteer excursion contributions have all the earmarks of being firmly aligned with the organisations’ separate missions and orders. For example, Ambassadors for Children (AFC), a not-for-benefit beneficent association situated in Indianapolis, Indiana, offers worldwide volunteer open doors by giving excursion chances to hands-on communication with hindered offspring of the world, adjusted by open doors for touring and encountering the local culture of the goal (www. ambassadorsforchildren.com). AFC has encouraged volunteer exercises for travelers venturing out to goals like Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Kenya, Haiti, Ecuador, Peru, Alaska, Vietnam, Belize, Guatemal a, Native American Reservations, and different networks out of luck. Mankind International tries to dispense with destitution lodging and vagrancy from the world. Volunteers construct houses together in association with families out of luck. Worldwide Volunteers offer open doors that incorporate showing discussion English, sustaining in danger newborn children and youngsters, remodeling and painting network structures, helping with social insurance, and common asset ventures. Different associations are equipped more towards ecotourism, for example, Catalina Island Conservancy and Wilderness Volunteers, both giving back through stewardship of sorting out and advancing volunteer administrations. The shared characteristic of the volunteer excursion providers seems, by all accounts, to be the peculiarity of chipping in subject centered encounters that strengthen organisations’ generally speaking strategic. In spite of the developing prominence of volunteer the travel industry, methodical scholarly research in this field, especially from the points of view of the volunteer vacationers, is still in its early stages stage. Primer research seems to recommend that volunteer the travel industry can take two unique structures dependent on participants’ attitudes: the ‘volunteer-minded’ versus the ‘vacation-minded’ (Brown Morrison, 2003). The ‘volunteer-minded’ people will in general commit most or the entirety of their get-away time to chip in exercises at the goal. Volunteerism is the focal idea for them. This kind of volunteer the travel industry is regularly called a crucial help trip. The second type of volunteer the travel industry takes on a lighter hint where the individual is to a great extent ‘vacation-minded’, yet spends a little part of the get-away on humanitarian effort at the goal. The term ‘VolunTourism’ alludes to this kind of the travel industry experience where a visit administrator offers voyagers a chance to take part in a discretionary outing that has a volunteer segment, just as a social trade with neighborhood individuals. These concise experiences have regularly end up being the feature of the individuals’ excursions. This last type of volunteer the travel industry has picked up fame among voyagers. While this arrangement plot adopts a shortsighted strategy, it gives a pattern to typology improvement of volunteer travelers. While there has been expanding research on volunteerism which sheds bits of knowledge on inspirational and goal decision variables of the ‘volunteerminded’ administration trip me mbers, almost no exploration has been directed on the ‘vacation-minded’ volunteer visitors. There is absence of conceptualisation and key comprehension of why people partake in charitable effort whileâ on a get-away excursion. What inspires them? What advantages do they get from the volunteer understanding? What are the features of the chipping in understanding? How do the volunteer exercises impact their general get-away understanding and fulfillment? Therefore, more research is justified to completely comprehend this developing type of volunteer the travel industry. The focal point of this examination was on the ‘vacation-minded’ volunteer vacationers. The motivation behind this examination was to look at the thought processes that drive vacationers to partake in some type of volunteer or philanthropic exercises while on a relaxation excursion trip and the advantages that the volunteer voyagers get from the experience. This investigation likewise looked to expedite the connection between inspirations for the general type of the travel industry and those for the volunteer traveling. The result of this exploration was relied upon to add to better comprehension of the goal decisions and the travel industry encounters looked for, along these lines bearing significant ramifications for associations that are focusing on this specific market portion. Writing Review The writing audit of this investigation was expected to give some relevant foundation to the examination. It revolved around two key segments of volunteer excursion: the travel industry part and the volunteer segment. All the more explicitly, it managed the general recreation travel inspirations and how they relate to and interaction with volunteer the travel industry. Inspirational scales To comprehend travel inspiration, an assortment of scales and speculations have been proposed and observationally tried in the travel industry writing. The significance of inspiration in the travel industry is very self-evident. It goes about as a trigger that sets off all the occasions associated with movement (Parrinello, 2002). Numerous scientists have utilized persuasive hypothesis to attempt to decipher the inspirations of voyagers. On the reason that inspirations get from a genuine or saw need, it is legitimate to investigate traveler selections of goals and exercises as a result of need inadequacy (Burns Holden, 1995). Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’ †self-actualisation, regard needs, love needs, security needs, and physiological needs frames the reason for additional turn of events and applications to comprehend travel conduct and interest for the travel industry (Maslow, 1954, 1970). The choice to visit a goal is a perplexing amalgam of necessities, pe rsuading a person to set and organize objectives in a conviction that accomplishing these will fulfill the apparent needs. One of the primary purposes behind the prevalence of Maslow’s progressive system of requirements is likely its effortlessness (Hudson, 1999). This pecking order could be identified with the movement business as in except if people have their physiological and security needs met, they are more averse to be keen on venturing to the far corners of the planet to have any kind of effect. Self-actualisation can, truth be told, be viewed as the end or objective of relaxation (Mill Morrison, 2002). Get-aways offer a chance to rethink and find increasingly about oneself, to carry on one’s mental self portrait as a method for changing or revising it. Resounding Maslow, Pearce (1982, 1993) proposed that t

Why Should I Sample My Own Story?

Why Should I Sample My Own Story?There are several reasons to sample narrative essays about a family member. Some students want to know how they might use their story in a classroom. Others may simply want to sample the material for their personal use. Most of all, some of us would like to write our own story as a way of sharing our own life experiences with others.One of the reasons to sample is to learn how to structure a good sample. A good sample should include the basic information and not just repeat it word for word. If your story contains too much repeating, the reader will feel like he or she is reading the same thing over again.In addition, the reader will feel like they are being asked to repeat the same information. When a student reads a short paragraph that repeats itself word for word, the reader gets bored. They won't want to continue.When you read true stories about people that have experienced the same life experience you do, they are always unique. These are people who have experienced the same thing as you have and lived through it.This makes them far more interesting to read than those people who have been in different lifestyles. They will be free from the prejudices and expectations of the writer. These are not 'rubbish' people, but people who have experienced something different and lived through it.Finally, the best samples are the ones that end on a positive note. By writing something like, 'I feel better about myself now that I am learning about the sacrifices my mother made for my father,' the reader will get something out of the story. It will make them think and feel good about themselves. They will have learned something new from the sample and that is the purpose of a sample.So, when you go back to your classes this year, do not skip to tell your classmates about the sacrifices your family member made for you. Make it part of your class syllabus. You can also call attention to it in your middle school workbook. Either way, when y ou give your own story, remember to take pleasure in the reader's ability to learn.

Essay Understanding the Nature of Autism - 1337 Words

Autism is a neurobiological disorder that causes discrepancies or differences in the way information is processed (Essential Guide to Finally Understanding Autism). The process of obtaining information affects an individual with autisms ability to do many things. For example, someone with this particular disorder may have more trouble understanding and using language to interact and communicate with people. He or she may also experience difficulty understanding and relating to people, events, and objects in the environment. Autism also affects ones ability to respond to sensory stimuli. Like other developmental disabilities, autism effects can range in the differentiations of severity. A number of factors that make the†¦show more content†¦Many children who have autism also engage in repetitive movements such as rocking or hair twirling, or in self-injurious behavior such as biting or head banging. They also tend to speak later than other children and may refer to themselves by name instead of using ‘I’ or ‘Me’ Autism affects every life aspect of the individual who is diagnosed with this disorder. Tasks such as eating and sleeping that we find to be simple, one with autism can encounter difficulty. There are three basic types of eating problems among children with autism. The first problem is refusal to eat or eating limited amounts of types of food. One with autism may also have problems with chewing, swallowing, gagging, and regurgitating. Also, the individual may begin eating things that are not food and the term for this is pica (Understanding the Nature of Autism). The person caring for the individual with autism needs to do three major acts to help with the intervention of the problem. First, one may need to assess the problem. The one taking care of the autistic person then must organize and provide structure. 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Abortion Should It Be Legal - 1484 Words

Gunnufsen English III November 2, 2015 Abortion, Should it be legal? Although some say abortion should be illegal and parents should not be allowed to choose abortion because it is unsafe, immoral, and against Christian beliefs to allow it. Abortion should be legal, it is safe and most people believe that abortion should be up to the parents because even though arguers say it is against their Christian beliefs, it is a moral decision that does not violate human rights, the overall abortion procedure is safe , and abortion can be justified. Abortion is a choice, a choice the mother must make. Abortion is a choice left solely to the mother or parents of the child. â€Å"Abortion is an absolutely moral choice for any woman wishing to control her body.† ( pg 44 Swomley ) The mother is the person who has to carry this child and have a birth that she may not want, so it is up to her to choose if she wants this child. The fetus is not yet a human being because it can not survive outside of the uterus, so it does not viola te the human right to live. The abortion is not murder because the embryo is not a child yet. The embryo is not a separate human being because it is not able to survive outside the woman’s body. Even in the bible, which is a favorite reference for arguers, there is no reference in any Scripture that says that abortion is immoral. â€Å" Nowhere in the Scriptures is there any references to sacredness or sanctity or respect for fetal life.† ( pg 30 SwomleyShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. 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The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Compare and Contrast Two Leadership Styles free essay sample

Leadership can be defined as the ability to lead a group of people successfully in an organization. Hall, et al (2008) have mentioned that an effective leader has to be visionary, motivating and responsible in order to successfully run a business organization. In business the two key leadership styles, which are widely used in today’s corporate world are autocratic leadership and democratic leadership (Johnson, n. d. ). Autocratic leadership may be explained as â€Å"a leadership style where the manager sets objectives, allocates tasks and insists on obedience† (Hall, et al 2008 p. 401). Conversely, democratic leadership encourages â€Å"participation in decision making† (Hall, et al 2008 p. g 402). Whilst many people would consider autocratic leadership as a safer option when managing a business, others might disagree and argue that employees need to have a say in decision making thus democratic leadership should be utilized. Though each leadership style has its own drawbacks and advantages, the postulation of this essay is that democratic leadership is more suitable in the current business society. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Two Leadership Styles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In every business organization it would be fair to say that communication is considered to be the main vehicle to becoming a successful leader. Autocratic and democratic leadership are comparable in communication as both types of leaders communicate somehow with the workforce to run the business. However, both these leadership styles are very distinct in the methods of communication. According to Nayab, (2011, n. p. ) an â€Å"autocratic leader adopts one-way communication†. This signifies that autocratic leaders communicate with their subordinates by strictly instructing the tasks that have to be done without taking any opinions into consideration. This can be useful to a business as close supervision of workers can lead to faster rate of production with less slack (Nayab, 2011). In spite of this, close monitoring can increase boredom in the work place as employees cannot work flexibly thus motivation to perform highly is low. On the contrary, in a democratic workplace good communication skills are vital in becoming a successful leader. The leader must be able to explain ideas clearly to employees and understand any feedback they receive (Hall, et al 2008 p. g 402). Though rate of production with a democratic style of leadership might be slower than in an autocratic due to low supervision, it could be disputed that workers can work more freely as there is less stress to perform. A further aspect of leadership, which can also be believed to have a direct link with communication, is decision-making. Both leadership styles are similar in the way that ideas need to be stored before making a business decision. In an autocratic work place â€Å"decisions are made independently with little or no input from the rest of the group† (Riley, 2012 n. p. ). However, in a democratic society â€Å"employees have greater involvement in decision making† (Riley, 2012 n. p. ). Both these types of leadership have their benefits and disadvantages with respect to decision-making. In his research on different types of leadership, Joseph, (n. d. ) stated that autocratic leadership style could be effective in a business environment as decisions can be made quickly without consulting with workers. According to Cherry, (n. d. ) this type of leadership would be advantageous in situations such as the military where decisions need to be taken quickly. Though quick decision-making can be beneficial, it could be argued that it can lead to a demotivated workforce. Employees’ motivation decreases due to lack of participation and freedom (Travis n. d. ). Nonetheless in a democratic work place motivation is very high amongst the workforce. This is because managers encourage the workers to share their ideas about decisions and this helps workers feel responsible and capable. An example of this would be Google. Page and Brin; owners of Google Inc believe that creating a co-operative and supportive work place leads to successful business ideas (Morrow, 2009). But then again Riley, (2012) argues that democratic leadership can be considered as inefficient as decisions are not made quickly due to taking into account all the ideas. Research conducted by Eagly and Johnson, (1990) scrutinized the relationship between leadership style and gender. Eagly and Johnson, (1990) stated that leadership depends on what sex the leader is. According to the research, women prefer to adopt a democratic leadership style due to biological differences (Eagly and Johnson, 1990). In fact, most women like to work in an environment where pressure is minimal and interaction is considerable. If we look at some businesses which thrive on creativity and high communication, we can see that most of the top managers are women such as Virginia Rometty, CEO of IBM and Meg Whitman, CEO of Hewlett-Packard (Howard, 2012. ). On the other hand, men like to work in a work place where control is high and pressure to perform is huge thus they prefer to adopt an autocratic leadership style. Examples include the military where pressure is immense and the top officers are males such as Gen. Raymond T. Odierno, Chief of staff of the US army and Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi party (The United States Army, 2013) (Megargee, 2011), Discussing which leadership style is more advantageous to a business is quite a debatable topic. Both styles of leadership are similar in the way that ideas need to be thought of before taking the next best course of action. However, autocratic and democratic leadership styles are very distinct in how decisions are made, the methods of communication and the relationship with gender.

Kama Sutra Essays - Hindu Texts, Sanskrit Literature, Kamashastra

Kama Sutra PREFACE IN the literature of all countries there will be found a certain number of works treating especially of love. Everywhere the subject is dealt with differently, and from various points of view. In the present publication it is proposed to give a complete translation of what is considered the standard work on love in Sanscrit literature, and which is called the `Vatsyayana Kama Sutra', or Aphorisms on Love, by Vatsyayana. While the introduction will deal with the evidence concerning the date of the writing, and the commentaries written upon it, the chapters following the introduction will give a translation of the work itself. It is, however, advisable to furnish here a brief analysis of works of the same nature, prepared by authors who lived and wrote years after Vatsyayana had passed away, but who still considered him as the great authority, and always quoted him as the chief guide to Hindoo erotic literature. Besides the treatise of Vatsyayana the following works on the same subject are procurable in India: The Ratirahasya, or secrets of love The Panchasakya, or the five arrows The Smara Pradipa, or the light of love The Ratimanjari, or the garland of love The Rasmanjari, or the sprout of love The Anunga Runga, or the stage of love; also called Kamaledhiplava, or a boat in the ocean of love. The author of the `Secrets of Love' was a poet named Kukkoka. He composed his work to please one Venudutta, who was perhaps a king. When writing his own name at the end of each chapter he calls himself `Siddha patiya pandita', i.e. an ingenious man among learned men. The work was translated into Hindi years ago, and in this the author's name was written as Koka. And as the same name crept into all the translations into other languages in India, the book became generally known, and the subject was popularly called Koka Shastra, or doctrines of Koka, which is identical with the Kama Shastra, or doctrines of love, and the words Koka Shastra and Kama Shastra are used indiscriminately. The work contains nearly eight hundred verses, and is divided into ten chapters, which are called Pachivedas. Some of the things treated of in this work are not to be found in the Vatsyayana, such as the four classes of women, the Padmini, Chitrini, Shankini and Hastini, as also the enumeration of the days and hours on which the women of the different classes become subject to love, The author adds that he wrote these things from the opinions of Gonikaputra and Nandikeshwara, both of whom are mentioned by Vatsyayana, but their works are not now extant. It is difficult to give any approximate idea as to the year in which the work was composed. It is only to be presumed that it was written after that of Vatsyayana, and previous to the other works on this subject that are still extant. Vatsyayana gives the names of ten authors on the subject, all of whose works he had consulted, but none of which are extant, and does not mention this one. This would tend to show that Kukkoka wrote after Vatsya, otherwise Vatsya would assuredly have mentioned him as an author in this branch of literature along with the others. The author of the `Five Arrows' was one Jyotirisha. He is called the chief ornament of poets, the treasure of the sixty-four arts, and the best teacher of the rules of music. He says that he composed the work after reflecting on the aphorisms of love as revealed by the gods, and studying the opinions of Gonikaputra, Muladeva, Babhravya, Ramtideva, Nundikeshwara and Kshemandra. It is impossible to say whether he had perused all the works of these authors, or had only heard about them; anyhow, none of them appear to be in existence now. This work contains nearly six hundred verses, and is divided into five chapters, called Sayakas or Arrows. The author of the `Light of Love' was the poet Gunakara, the son of Vechapati. The work contains four hundred verses, and gives only a short account of the doctrines of love, dealing more with other matters. `The Garland of Love' is the work of the famous poet

Research Paper on Advertising

Research Paper on Advertising After a long day’s work or a hard day at the office, people come home, sit in the Laz-e-Boy recliner, and flip on the television. Watching a favorite TV show has become many people’s favorite way to relax or past the time. A wide variety of programming exists and most anyone will be able to watch something they can enjoy. The television industry is part of the entertainment business and has high entertainment value for viewers. In that respect, it is an important industry, for example in terms of the time people spend watching TV. At the same time, it is important as a means of transmitting advertising. Television therefore has a two-fold role, both as a provider of entertainment and a transmitter of advertising. This research paper will discuss the relationship between the TV market and the product markets through the market for advertising. It will also examine the different types of advertising, advantages and disadvantages of TV advertising, and how the rivalry between TV channels and the profit potential in product markets affect TV channels’ prices on advertising slots, programming decisions, and the producers’ purchase of advertising on TV. From the beginning of television, advertising and programming were connected through network personnel and sponsorship. At first, television programs were owned by advertisers, which based the content of the shows on the interests of the audiences they wished to reach (Folkerts 241). Today it is rare for an entire program to be sponsored by one advertiser. Rather, networks or stations sell time for ads during a show. A basic feature of the television industry is that viewers dislike commercials and are attracted to a channel that invests in its programming. However, a TV channel earns its revenues by selling advertising slots to producers in the product market and attracts viewers for this advertising by investing in programming. Producers in product markets increase sales by advertising. Since an increase in advertising tends to reduce the number of viewers, there are diminishing returns to television advertising. The law of diminishing returns states, â€Å"as successive units of a variable resource are added to a fixed resource, beyond some point the extra, or marginal, product that can be attributed to each additional unit of the variable resource will decline† (McConnell Brue 160). Thus, the more a producer advertises its products on a TV channel, fewer viewers are available there for other producers to advertise to. There are several common types of television techniques and advertisements used by producers. The first is the straight announcement, which consists primarily of someone looking at the camera and delivering a sales talk. Demonstration is important in TV because viewers are interested in what the product will do for them. A testimonial by a famous person can draw attention to a product or idea. Testimonial commercials work best when the celebrity has credibility as a source (Dunn 324). In a dramatized commercial, the point is presented through a story that can be told very briefly. Dialogue is a commercial in which two or more people are talking. The basic advantage of the dialogue is its ability to involve the viewer and encourage them to participate in the dialogue. The biggest advantage of television advertising, if used wisely, is the unbelievable impact on viewers. It is basically almost the same as a door-to-door sales staff that can make visits at a very inexpensive rate. And when the person presenting the sales pitch is a popular personality, the advertising can be extremely effective. Another benefit of TV advertising is that it impacts a large number of persons not reach by print media. If a person doesn’t want to read a newspaper or magazine to find out what’s going on, they will more than likely turn on the evening news. Constant repetition of a sales message helps make people feel that they know the product, whether or not they like it. Television makes it possible to repeat a message as often as an advertiser can afford. Commercials are extremely flexible and allow advertisers to demonstrate their product, create a mood, make a blockbusting announcement about the product, or try it out in certain areas. Advertisers can usually find some combination of TV presentations that will communicate the desired impression. Television advertising also involves several unique problems. Advertising messages on TV come and go quickly. If people have their sets on, but are not watching or listening, they cannot return later. And when commercials are bunched together, a viewer might use the time to get a snack or see what else is on. Although some network shows reach viewers for a surprisingly low cost, certain minimum cost considerations can price the medium-sized advertiser out of the television field. Newspapers and other printed information carry a stamp of authenticity that television broadcasts don’t have. People tend to believe something more if they actually see it in print. Another disadvantage is that mass coverage creates the lack of selectivity for the audience. It is difficult to determine exactly the viewing audience and there by choosing which commercials to air at certain times. Television is used to build and reinforce brand image and awareness. TV gets more than half of all national consumer-advertising dollars. Using the networks as a marketing strategy has become very popular. In the short run, television advertising can dramatically increase a producer’s share in a specific market. In a study done on dry cereal advertising, all brands except Ralston’s made heavy use of network television. The goal was to observe the effects mass-market advertising would have on Ralston’s market share. Ralston began using some network television advertising halfway through the 12-week study period. Ralston saw its market share go up from 4.8 in the pre-TV period to 5.9% after utilizing the networks (Jones 37). Company sponsorship of individual TV programs saw decline after the quiz show scandals of the 1960s. Although one advertiser doesn’t sponsor an entire show today, the influence it has on programming still exists. Individual advertisers occasionally affect content, but advertising as a form of financing has a more pervasive impact. A decision a TV channel must make within its schedule is the amount of advertising to allow. Some programs that are very flexible, such as newscasts and sports events, permit channels to air large quantities of advertising time. When a channel only sells a small amount of advertising, it can fill in with advertising for its own programs. A TV station’s time scheduling will in many cases put restrictions on the quantity of advertising to allow. If, for example, a TV channel broadcasts a series of 25-minute sit-coms during an evening, there will only be time for 5 minutes of advertising per half hour. By considering the amount of advertising a c hannel allocates, a producer can speculate the audience size their commercials receive. TV channels programming decisions, as well as advertising firms advertising decisions, are always made before TV viewers make their choices. At the same time, the effect of advertising on the product markets is only felt after the advertising has been actually aired and watched by the viewers. Thus, product-market competition takes place after the TV viewers decisions are made. Advertising firms make their decisions about how much to advertise on each channel only after the TV channels have committed, not only to their programming, but also to their quantities of advertising. For discussion purposes, television advertising can be broken up into four stages. The first stage involves each TV channel choosing its quantity of advertising and a programming schedule. A TV channel’s profit is the difference between its revenue from advertising and costs of investments in programming. The goal is to maximize profits by determining how much advertising to allocate and which programs to broadcast. In the next stage, each producer determines how much to advertise on a specific TV channel. An advertising firm looks at viewer demographics and audience size when deciding which channel and commercial to use to realize the most benefits. The viewer then decides whether or not to watch TV and, if so, which TV channel to watch. They make their decision after the TV channel and producer have already completed their advertising decisions. Finally, the producers compete in the product market by advertising and differentiating their products. The goal is to distinguish their product from others. By making price less of a factor than product differences, producers participate in non-price competition (McConnell Brue 230). We are now in a position to investigate how the equilibrium outcome detailed in Section 2 is affected by a change in the number of advertisers, n. This number may increase, either through an increase in the number of firms in each market, i.e., a decrease in market concentration throughout the economy, or through an increase in the number of product markets. Total spending on advertising increases as a result of a reduction in the number of firms, keeping constant the number of product markets. A reduction in the number of firms makes each remaining firm more concerned about the fact that own advertising tends to reduce the number of viewers. This dampens the incentive for each firm to increase advertising and would, all else equal, result in a reduction in total advertising. On the other hand, fewer firms result in a higher price-cost margin. This encourages firms to advertise more. The latter effect turns out to dominate, and it is reinforced by the TV stations’ responses. T hey invest more in programming, thereby attracting more viewers and even more advertising. The result is that both total advertising and total investment in programming increase following a reduction in the number of firms. Note also that the total number of viewers increases following a reduction in the number of firms. Since advertising increases as well, which tends to reduce the number of viewers, the driving force behind this result is the TV channel’s increased investment in programming. Finally, note that the price per advertising slot also increases. This follows directly from the fact each TV channel’s two choice variables mutually reinforce each other [see Nilssen and SÃ'ˆrgard (2001) on this reinforcement property]. However, total spending on advertising can also increase as a result of an increase in the number of advertising firms, if this latter increase is solely due to an increase in the number of product markets. In such a case, price-cost margins are unaffected by a change in the number of firms. Now, an increase in the number of firms makes each firm less concerned about own advertising’s effect on the number of viewers. This spurs an increase in total advertising. Again, the TV channels’ response reinforces the initial effect. They invest more in programming, thereby increasing the total advertising even more. The economic literature on advertising has been slow on modeling the market for advertising. The present contribution aims at filling this gap, by presenting a model of the market for advertising that incorporates some crucial features of the TV industry, the main provider of advertising space. Most importantly, we assume that viewers are attracted by TV channels’ investments in programming but dislike their advertising. Combining this model of the TV industry with a model of product-market competition with advertising, we are able to discuss how asymmetries between various product markets affect the equilibrium outcome. We find that even small asymmetries have dramatic effects. In the case of two product markets where one product market has more firms than the other, but where the markets otherwise are identical, the firms in the product market with many firms choose not to advertise. The crucial feature of our model producing this result is TV viewers’ dislike for advertising, entailing congestion among advertisers. At an increase in the price of advertising, the firms in the market with many firms would, as expected, reduce their demand for advertising. This would, in turn, reduce the congestion of advertising on TV and thereby attract more viewers. The fir ms in the market with few firms would respond to an increase in the number of viewers by increasing their demand for advertising, despite the price of advertising having increased. The TV stations exploit those firms’ ‘perverse’ demand by increasing their price so that, in equilibrium, the firms in the market with many firms decide not to advertise at all on TV. The second issue is how product-market competition affects the equilibrium outcome. We found that the profit potential in the product market is of importance for the amount of programming investments as well as for the amount and price of advertising. The less intense product-market rivalry is, the larger is the potential revenue generated by advertising. A TV channel exploits this in two ways. First, it reduces its supply of advertising slots. Second, it invests more in programming to attract more viewers and thereby to encourage the producers to advertise more. As a result, a relaxation of price competition in the product markets results in higher prices of advertising, more advertising, and more investment in programming. This suggests that there are two successive battles over the profit potential in the product markets: one among the producers and one among the TV channels. An escalation of advertising by the producers spurs more investment in programming, and vice versa. Produc t market competition may also be affected by a change in the number of firms. We found that the effect of increasing the number of advertising firms depends on whether the increase is by increasing the number of firms in each market, making the markets less concentrated, or by increasing the number of markets. The former way of increasing the number of advertising firms reduces the price-cost margin and thereby the profit potential in the product markets. Thus, while there now are more firms demanding advertising, they also earn less from advertising.

Cross Cultural Management - International Teams Essay

Cross Cultural Management - International Teams - Essay Example They include Individualism; this dimension show the extent to which the people value self determination in the organization, different from their behaviors becomes examined by the collective will of the group in the organization. Power distance; in this dimension lies the question of involvement in the decision making. In the lower power distance cultures, employees always seek involvement and tend to have a desire for a participative management type. The employees will tend to work in a certain way, because they comprehend the fact that they get asked to do so by the organization managers. Uncertainty avoidance; this dimensions deals with the employees tolerance of the ambiguity in their environment. In the cultures that have high uncertainty avoidance, the employees will look for the clearly defined, stipulated rules and regulations that govern their individual behaviors. Masculinity or femininity; in the highly male cultures, the dominant values relate to the assertiveness and the material acquisition. In the highly feminists cultures, the values focus on the relationship among different people, the need to help others and the quality of life. Intercultural communication in an organization creates teamwork. It enables the employees understand each other’s cultural differences, and to be able to communicate efficiently without creating or raising misunderstandings. In a successful intercultural communication, employees are able to comprehend the cultures of different people on their behaviors and the communication tendencies. This creates teamwork as the employees respect each other’s unique talents, cultural background and capabilities. When employees are aware of other people’s cultural influences, stereotyping gets eliminated which is always a danger to teamwork and effective communication. Understanding different cultures is a key to organizations success. One cannot understand other people’s culture without forming close relat ionships with these people. Intercultural friendships can develop among employees. However, how those friendships get formed and how they become viewed in an organization differs from one culture to the other culture. Some people need their space in all areas, and they see those who encroach in their space as threats. Personal space is an example some people require less or greater distances between them. A Japanese individual who does not need much space will stand next to an American; this will make the American uncomfortable. According to Hall, all cultures can be situated in relation to one another according to the styles in which they communicate. He proposed differences in high- and low-context cultural dimension that depends on how identity rests in the total communication framework. He claimed that different cultural frameworks for organizing and defining space, which becomes internalized everybody at an unconscious level, creates serious failures of communication and unders tanding in different cultural settings. According to hall; Intimate space; is the closest space surrounding an individual and it is only acceptable to very close friends and dear intimates. Consultative and social space; is the space that people feel comfortable conducting their social routines with friends and strangers. Public space; this is the space area where people will perceive interactions as impersonal and relatively anonymous. Ethical practices are other contentious areas for the intercultural teams. The awareness of own and

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 76

History - Essay Example of the European powers across the globe were no longer welcomed in the larger Americas; in effect, erecting a wall of protection around the unites states’ neighboring nations, thus, allowing them to develop in their own terms (Renehan, 2007). The show of solidarity expressed in the doctrine in an era of revolutions against European imperialism encouraged the United States to build up its military might in readiness to defend its interests as well as those of other smaller defenseless nations within the hemisphere. It is hard to deny that the foreign policy stance at the time formed the very origins of America’s â€Å"imperialistic, police†Ã‚  behavior, more particularly with regards to terrorism watch around the world; a policy inspired by the 9/11 never to change/be changed any time in the near future. While not referred to much often in the diplomatic transactions, the Monroe doctrine remains in force, but with a larger police role on the shoulders of the United States that goes beyond Southern

Evaluation System Essay Example for Free

Evaluation System Essay Introduction As we move into a new era of Quality Assurance, universities and schools are increasingly being called upon to evaluate the students and their respective grades. One common method is via student evaluations. At the University of Batangas, most especially in the College of Engineering Department, a student evaluation is needed especially by the graduating students. Currently, students from different courses find it very difficult in getting their evaluation because they are going to get through a very long line of students and after that they will wait for their turn on the registrars’ office. The results from such evaluations are important to students for them to be able to know what subjects they taken and not yet taken. However, the number of evaluations requested per year continues to increase rapidly and, as a result, the overhead of processing such information manually is a growing burden. This paper describes a pilot project at University of Batangas, as architecture for getting information about the student in the database. Due to the sensitive nature of the data and their critical role within and outside of the University, the system must satisfy several requirements if it is to survive. Some of the requirements are technical, for example providing easy access to students. However, many of the requirements are organizational, and tied to the local context of the University. As is the case with most technological innovations, long-term success is intimately tied to the development of humane technologies that seamlessly fit into the work-flow of institutions. In the remainder of this paper we describe the architecture of our system, and how its design and implementation attempted to address the many technical, administrative, and organizational requirements of a successful evaluation system. Statement of the Problem The proponents seek to determine the feasibility of developing a student evaluation system that will help prevent problems in getting the grades and subjects of a certain students in the College of Engineering. The researchers seek to establish answers to the following questions: 1. What are the benefits of student evaluation system? 2. What are the flaws of the current student evaluation system? 3. What is the capacity of the system to accept and retrieve data? Objectives of the Study The following are the objectives of the study: * To design and develop a student evaluation system. * To design and develop a system that could store and retrieve data or student information. * To design and develop a system that could make the life of students and faculty members more convenient. * To identify the flaws of current student evaluation system. * To identify the capacity of the system to accept and retrieve data. * To identify the benefits of student evaluation system. Scope and Delimitation The proponents focused on the application and portability of student evaluation system that would lead to a new era of comfortness. Scope of the Project * The study will be implemented with the help of Microsoft Access 2010 as the database, * The study covers the ability to receive and retrieve data’s and information about a certain student. * The study is focus on helping students in making their student life more easy and worry free. Limitation of the Study Although the research has reached it aims, there were some unavoidable limitations: * The system is designed only for the students of Computer Engineering Department. Definition of Terms The following terms has been defined to guide the readers in their understanding of this research paper. Evaluation is a systematic determination of a subjects merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. It can assist an organization to assess any aim, realizable concept or proposal, or any alternative, to help in decision-making. System is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements (often called components ) and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets. Database is a structured collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information. Microsoft Access also known as Microsoft Office Access, is a database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. Humane characterized by kindness, mercy, sympathy. Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them.

Societal Marketing Concept Essay -- essays research papers

Individual Project 1 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Given the trend in obesity among American consumers, which industries stand to benefit the most? Why? Given the obesity issues in the American consumers, the food industry has benefited from this trend. Under the Societal Marketing Concept organizations have to balance company profits, customers’ wants and the society's interests. The problem is to determine what is best for the society in this case. Because there is a difference between short term consumers’ wants and long term consumers’ welfare (Brown, 2005). This issue can be very hard to handle, because it is not all companies market with a social conscience. In one hand consumers say they want healthier foods, but in the other hand, their behavior focus towards unhealthy foods. Some companies may have initiated sincere efforts to provide healthier products; however, it is complicated to modify the consumer’s behavior in this regards (Knowledge@Wharton, 2005). As indicated by The Soy Daily (2003) over recent years rates of obesity have escalated rapidly, increasing consumption of diets high in fats and sugars, and declining levels of physical activity. This behavior generates a marketing opportunity to the food industry, which benefits them due to the heavily supported marketing campaigns the do to attract consumers (Leatherhad Food International, 2004). Even though some organizations such as Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) announced its intentions to enforce a new level of advertising to good nutritional practices and even asked a big company like Burger King to aggressively promote healthier alternative, this efforts are not enough (Commercial Free Childhood, 2005). These policies or guidelines contradict the interests of an industry that encourages people to eat more. If people really ate less, food producers, retailers and fast-food among others, would lose business. Even schools can be affected on the income they receive from companies marketing fast foods and soft drinks. That is why food companies take full advantage of their connections in Congress and federal agencies to make sure that anti-obesity campaigns focus on individual food choices, not food marketing practices (Nestle, 2000). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How would you use the information on which Americans trust for marketing purposes? These data provided by the s... ...rce Lays Responsibility on Food Industry For A Major Transformation in Diet. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from: http://thesoydailyclub.com/Research/obesity08292003.asp Knowledge@Wharton (February 23, 2005). Marketing & Obesity. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from: http://www.the-river.net/2005/02/marketing_obesi.html Leatherhad Food International (June 2004). Emerging Concepts in the Global Food & Drink Industry. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from: http://www.lfra.co.uk/lfi/pdf/press820.pdf Commercial Free Childhood (March 15, 2005). Food Advertising Pushed Into Harsh Spotlight. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from: http://www.commercialexploitation.org/news/articles/carustiffensguidelines.htm Nestle, M. (June 22, 2000). Fight on Obesity Faces Hefty Commercial Problems. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from: http://www.commercialalert.org/obesitynestle.htm Neitlich, A. (November 21, 2003). A Revolutionary Marketing Strategy...Trust Me. Retrieved on March 21, 2005 from: http://www.sitepoint.com/article/marketing-strategy-trust Joyce, M. & Stewart, J (August 1999). What can we learn from time-use data? Retrieved on March 22, 2005 from: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/08/art1full.pdf

My Vocation

Well, this story is a long one, as are most of my stories, but here it goes†¦ My vocation story is simple; it began with a thought from God that my life was meant for something more. This thought resounded â€Å"priesthood† not only in my head, but also in my day-to-day life. Very carefully, through the influence of my parents, through the desire to attend Holy Mass more regularly throughout the week, and through my experiences with the other member of our church especially choir, God Holy Spirit (Mahal na Ingkong) was calling me to the priesthood.The first boy in a family of eight children,  I grew up in a Catholic family that for the most part went to Mass every Sunday. I attended the parochial school at the parish my family went to for grades one to eight. Through the school, I made my first confession when I was in the second grade and received my First Holy Communion in the third grade. Also through the parish school, I began serving at Mass in the fourth grade. Du ring this time I never considered a vocation to the priesthood or religious life. I remember that in the first few years of grade school I felt a sense of awe when I stepped inside a church.At some point during grade school, that feeling of awe and that the church building was somehow different went away. As time went on, I went to Mass on Sundays and received Communion largely because that is what my family did on Sundays and I went along. After I graduated from the sixth grade, I attended a private high school in the area that was an excellent college preparatory school. During this time I prepared for and received the Sacrament of Confirmation at my family's parish. I was mildly interested in receiving the Sacrament but to some extent, I received it because it was the next step in the life of a Catholic.My spiritual life as I graduated high school and prepared to go off to college can be summarized by the word â€Å"mechanical†. I prayed before meals with my family because that is what we did. I went to Church on Sunday because that is what my family did. I prayed before bed because that is what my mother taught me. None of that would last very long after I went to college and was on my own. During my teenage years my grandmother are hoping that I would become a priest someday. Upon hearing how she mentioned the news to my relative, I was dumbfounded.I think it was more a reaction to have a loving God in an unloving world, and my thoughts were more along the lines that if I ignored God, maybe He would just go away†¦ After high school, I attended Divine Mercy College and a working student. I attend Sunday on my own for about half of my first quarter as a freshmen and then stopped. When I was home for Christmas, Spring break, and summer, I went to Mass along with my family but did not receive Communion. Towards the end of my sophomore year, my best friend knowing I was Catholic began to ask why Catholics did certain thingsMy Best friend is not a t ypical type of religious catholic person. What he knew of the Catholic faith he had learned from so he â€Å"knew† Catholics worshiped Mary and the saints and did not read the bible. I had no idea how to answer his questions or statements regarding Catholic beliefs. I was for the large part ignorant of what Catholics believed and why we did things the way we did them, even after six years of ignorance in worshipping influenced by my parents. When praying the rosary for example, I did not know one was supposed to mediate on each of mysteries while reciting the prayers. My best friend repeated what he had learned about Catholic beliefs and I was clueless and unable to respond. I was motivated by my best friend questions to learn what Catholics believed. I may not have learned much during my years in our home but one assertion in particular made by my best friend drew my attention. It was the statement that Catholics worship statues. I definitely could not explain why that was f alse but I knew it to be false. I had stood in front of statues and prayed. I had seen other people stand in front of statues praying. I had seen people reverence statues. I never ever thought the statue was being worshiped.I knew and I think the other people knew the statue was not an object to be worshiped and that worship was only given to God. I found on-line resources like Catholic Answers and catholic. org. Based on what I learned on-line I purchased some books. I began going to Mass at our church. Something was different about Mass now. The priest was the same as before, but now his homilies were somehow better. I began to realize that while it was possible that Father's homilies had gotten better over the past year and half to two years, the problem was really with me: I simply had not been listening before.I tried to learn as much as I could about the Catholic faith. I also tried to keep going to Mass during the week and praying Morning and Evening Prayer so that those were not just things I did for Lent. I brought a rosary always for protection. During this time when my faith was renewed and I took an active part in fostering my faith and prayer life (around 2009 up to this day). I was an active auxiliary in these past few years most especially in a choir. I dreamed to be a choir of our church until I had many experiences encountered as a member. Until, one day I won the championship for Battle of the Band contest held last 2011.Lastly, I was appointed to be the chairman of Toka9 auxiliary and there are several great blessed things happened to me last year. Until, the thought of being a priest occurred to me. At times I could see myself as a priest offering the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. But when I though about it, it seemed like an idea that was not possible and that God would not pick me. I have a speech fluency disorder called stuttering (or stammering). At times, it seemed to me to be severe. As a result, I really did not like public speaking. I pushed off the idea of being a priest as being an impossible dream or fantasy.Certainly, I took the idea of being a priest seriously and was nervous that God was calling me. I continued going to Mass on Sundays and weekdays when possible, praying Morning and Evening Prayer, and trying to do an hour of personal meditation a night. I began to recognize that God was calling me, but I was comfortable with my life. For, so many things happened to me as an active parishioner I always ask God Holy Spirit (Mahal na Ingkong) Why should I stay? At first I had a hard time recognizing that God was calling me in this manner, but over the years I have come to better understand just how God was laying things out for me.My inspiration to say â€Å"yes† was encouraged by the example of my dream. Since, I managed to be an active member of our church I was in the process of bringing myself closer to God Holy Spirit (Mahal na Ingkong) and because of this I often spoke with him about this secret and it had influenced me to make my decision final. Through his words and even more through his example, I realized that I wanted my life to reflect the same desire to serve God. I continued my frigid relationship with God through college days. And, I considered this is one of the interesting parts of my religious life. This realization started a slow thaw.Slowly but surely I started becoming more involved in the Church, realizing eventually that God did exist and did care, so perhaps I should return that with more than I had been. Indeed, the more I frequented Holy Mass the more the desire grew within my heart to give up my life because of my sins. One day when the mass was about to start it came out to my mind when I would watch the priest during Holy Mass, especially at the moments of consecration, I longed to be the man at the altar, offering the sacrifice. Honestly, I considered this was a hilarious part of my daydreaming that time.It’s been said that if you want to mak e God laugh, tell Him your plans. So, I figured, why consult Him on the matter? But there comes a time my home life was still a mess and there are several sins I made. Someone asked me to enter a Eucharistic adoration if I want to have a conversation from god and to seek help. I started going for the first time to Adoration on a weekly basis. It was during one of this Holy Hours that I could finally ask God the question that had bothered me all though out my on-going conversion: if He loved me so much, why did he want me to enter this new world?I thought it was okay that He wanted to care for me now, but what about before? Did he understand my mortal sin? I told God that if I was mistaken, and my call was truly to the priesthood, then to please send me some type of dramatic sign to let me know. I am aware that it is a fairly common phenomenon for young people discerning a vocation to the religious life to ask for this, but it is not a healthy or appropriate request, since God does n ot generally work that way. One of the great signs I received is that when I went into the mission to Bohol, our grace asked me to pursue my dreams but I should enter the religious vocation.Secondarily, in the middle of the month after the mission my father also asked me if I want to study theology this coming school classes. Eventually, I seek for the last and other signs for I have the so-called proof of entering priesthood. But Unfortunately, I was really in crisis at this point, but I still hadn’t received three or more of the dramatic signs I wanted from God in order to show me that I was called to the priesthood rather than the normal single life. During these Holy Hours, I would ask this question again and again, until, finally, one night I opted to listen for His response (a good idea – listening at prayer! . I had heard that God suffers with His children, but, that night, I heard those words as though Christ Himself had spoken them to me: â€Å"Where was I? I was crying and suffering with you! † Gradually, from the inspiration of these experiences and from time in prayer I decided to answer â€Å"yes† to God’s desire. However, after making the decision I was afraid to mention anything to anyone for a good two weeks. Finally, after holding this decision within myself for so long (at least it seemed long to me), I decided that I should tell someone.So, I went to one of my friends, Hijas De Maria Lenny Enrica, and I talked things out with her. She, however, was not surprised by my news, which in turn left me surprised. You see, HDM Lenny was one of my co-choir member in our church and as part of her job she is also an auxiliary officer of the Diocese Region 13 Queen Of Angels and a very supportive friend of mine and I clearly explained and mentioned to her my desire to join the priesthood. Needless to say, I took this conversation as an affirmation from God that I was following the right path. Interestingly enough, HDM Lenny once again layed an important role in helping me pusue my vocation. During our time in a Choir meeting I informed her again that I desired to enter the order. I can only explain this as God’s Providence. She knew where I belonged, only I had to figure it out as well. I’m actually judgmental within myself I grew incredibly in my terrible past life and because of a combination of temptation and of my own weakness, I was not awakened in this horrible dream of my life. I thought that God probably existed, but He didn’t care one way or another about what I was doing in my life.I really owe this acceptance (as little as it seemed) to my auxiliary friends, to whom God seemed very real and very near. I realized that although the decision to become a priest would entail great sacrifice, that didn’t mean that it was not a sacrifice I was called to make. Still, it really hurt when I thought about the idea of never claiming my body’s needs and necessitie s. In many ways, all the joys of my vocation were hidden to me, and all I could focus on were the beautiful things that I would be giving up.I was really concerned that I wouldn’t have the courage to start or the resolve to follow through with my calling. But it hit me one day that no one is strong enough or worthy enough to be a priest—that grace can only come from God. And so I said, â€Å"Okay, God, I believe that you want me to be a priest, and I accept—I will do it. I know you know how much this hurts, and that my sacrifice is that much more meaningful to you because you know. † Still, I asked God for help with two things. First, I said, â€Å"I am so weak—far too weak to do this on my own.I agreed to your mysterious plan for me, but I don’t have the strength to carry it out, so all the rest has to come from you—I am leaning on you completely and entirely. † And I remember having this amazing sense of peace, knowing that G od would always make me equal to the tasks to which he was calling me as long as I could bring myself to ask. It was thrilling to realize that I wasn’t expected to—indeed couldn’t—have the strength or perseverance to do what God was asking, it was only for me to agree to do it, and then to pray!The second thing I asked for was peace of mind—I said, â€Å"God, I believe I am called to the priesthood, but I don’t want to be a miserable priest; a martyr in my own eyes—I want to be joyful! For the next 30 days, I will make sure to spend twenty or thirty minutes each day after Mass praying in your Presence. If, as I believe, you are truly calling me to the priesthood, please help me to feel at peace with my decision to enter the seminary by the end of that time. By the end of that period I was so convinced of my calling that I could laugh about the difficulties I had had a month earlier! I have learned that it doesn’t need any dram atic signs to consider or to pursue your vocation. There are simple things to consider the reason of your call. Primarily, your openness to your calling, then your understanding of your calling, then the acceptance of your calling, then you must embrace your calling, lastly, your love to your calling.I believed these can be enough reason for you to enter priesthood. And, I considered this simple appreciation would be the best sign but is a great call given to me by God Holy Spirit (Mahal na Ingkong). Just to wrap up: There’s a lot of discussion about how much our Church needs priests and religious, and I think we can all see that. But it’s a mistake to talk about a â€Å"vocations crisis†Ã¢â‚¬â€because that implies that there aren’t enough vocations to the priesthood.But Christ told us that he would never leave his Church without shepherds, and so he is definitely still calling many, many young men to the priesthood, and he calls many, many young women t o the religious life. The crisis is not in the number of men and women who God calls, the crisis is in the tiny percentage of those young men and women who actually respond to that call. That’s the crisis. I thank Our Blessed Mother Mary and St. Maria Virginia for her guidance throughout this process, which I like to call the â€Å"Origin of my vocation†.She has blessed me with so many graces that have aided me in finding the path that God Holy Spirit (Mahal Na Ingkong) has laid out for me within the religious section of my adolescence age and more importantly, within the priesthood of Christ, her Son. Although I may not recognize her heavenly assistance, I am most grateful that she has carried me here so that I may fulfill God’s purpose for giving me life. I thank God for His countless blessings and patience with my stubbornness and desire to fulfill my will. I thank God in particular for leading me to discover His call.

Drug Abuse And Prescription Opioid Painkillers - 1409 Words

In the United States, more than 2 million people suffer from substance abuse disorders that correlate with use of prescription opioid painkillers. Over the past 15 years, overdose deaths due to prescription opioids have more than quadrupled. One of the underlying causes is the over prescription of pain relievers by physicians. This was demonstrated in 2013, with the writing of 207 million prescriptions for opioid pain relievers. Opiates can be classified as natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic. Heroin and methadone are the two most commonly used opioids in the United States. The National Institute on Drug Abuse classifies the following drugs as the most commonly abused prescription opioids including: fentanyl, meperidine, and methadone†¦show more content†¦Northeast drug markets receive wholesale quantities of heroin supplied by Columbian TCO’s. Columbian traffickers will also utilize both the Mexican and Dominican organizations for further transportation and distribution of heroin to target cities along the east coast. Columbia and Mexico together account for more than 90% of the heroin supplied to the United States. The definition of narcoterrorism was first created in 1983 by former Peruvian president Belaunde Terry who described the terrorist attacks made against the Peruvian antinarcotics officers. Over the years the definition of narcoterrorism has expanded. The DEA defines narcoterrorism as a subcategory of terrorism in which terrorist groups or known affiliates participate either directly or indirectly with the making, manufacturing, transportation, or dissemination of controlled substances including the monies resulting from these activities. Traditionally the war on drugs and the war on terror have been treated as separate entities. Narcoterrorism combines these two concepts from a deeper understanding that drug trafficking and terrorism are interconnected. Both the terrorist and narcotics organizations emphasize privacy and concealment from law enforcement because it is essential for the survival of both organizations. The chances of both organizations interacting are high due to the cr iminal nature of their activities. TheShow MoreRelatedEvery Day, Millions Of Americans Take Some Form Of Prescription1670 Words   |  7 Pagestake some form of prescription drug to treat anything from an anxiety disorder to severe physical pain. 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The current problem differs from the opioid addiction outbreaks of the past in that it is also predominantRead MoreHeroin Drugs And Its Effects On The Lives Of Young White Males1703 Words   |  7 Pagesand previous opioid addictions to other prescription drugs. Young white males in many different communities are becoming hooked because of the careless use of pain pills prescribed or taking them fro m parents’ medicine cabinets. The communities include rural towns, big cities, and suburbs all across the country. â€Å"The rate of past-year heroin use among non-Hispanic whites increased 114.3% from 1.4 per 1,000 in 2002–2004 to 3.0 per 1,000 in 2011–2013† (CDC, 2015). Furthermore, heroin abuse has more thanRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Overdose Deaths1493 Words   |  6 PagesNew Jersey Heroin and Opiate Epidemic Drug overdose deaths have become the leading cause of accidental deaths in New Jersey. The crisis of drug addiction in teens and young adults has increased from 2012. According to a 2014 drug report, there has been an increase of 200% over the past five years in substance abuse mainly due to prescription medications (New Jersey Task Force). Furthermore, prescription medications may lead to other substance abuse problems. For instance, many youths turn to opiatesRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse990 Words   |  4 PagesPrescription drug abuse is not a new problem within our society. Prescription drug abuse has in fact been an ongoing problem that is currently spinning out of control. There are many people within our society that are currently dealing with prescription drug addiction. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional use of a medication without a prescription; in a way other than as prescribed; or for the experience or feeling it causes (The Science of Drug Abuse Addictio n, 2014). Prescription drugsRead MorePainkillers : Drugs And Drugs Essay2061 Words   |  9 Pages Painkillers in America Jonathan Nask Palm Beach State College Introduction Opium poppies are one of key ingredients in making prescription painkillers. Analgesic drugs range from acetaminophen, anti-inflammatory drugs, morphine and oxycodone. Each one of these medications have a different potency, but act as pain relievers. Depending on seriousness of an induvial pain will decides which painkiller is most appropriate for the person. Some painkillers are also more addictingRead MoreAddiction And Opioid Use For Drug Abuse954 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction and opioid use Drug abuse and addiction remain large and persistent problems. Nationally, addiction and abuse of all substances costs the economy an estimated $600 billion dollars annually. Indeed, over the past decade, illicit drug use appears to be steady or rising (2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health; DHHS). From this we see that prescription and non-prescription opioid use is particularly problematic. For example, prescription pain reliever misuse has remained consistently